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Facebook Tests High-Speed Laser Internet Access
Facebook Tests High-Speed Laser Internet AccessFacebook wants to beam you onto the web, using laser light to carry information from point to point. However, the social networking company warns that the technology is still in its infancy.
Facebook is developing laser-powered internet connectivity technology that detects optical communication signals traveling through the air. The goal is to create a new type of high-speed internet access.
The development, announced on July 19 by the company's Connectivity Lab and published in The Optical Society<http://www.osa.org/en-us/about_osa/newsroom/news_releases/2016/new_detector_from_facebook_s_connectivity_lab_over/>, indicates there may be a future for license-free communications systems.
Light-based wireless communication uses laser light to carry information across the atmosphere and offers a promising way to bring the internet to areas where optical fibers and cell towers can be challenging to deploy in a cost-effective way.
However, the challenges has been how to precisely point a very small laser beam carrying the data at a tiny light detector that is some distance away -- something Facebook researchers demonstrated in their study.
"We demonstrated the use of fluorescent optical fibers that absorb one color of light and emit another color," Tobias Tiecke, the leader of the research team, explained in a statement. "The optical fibers absorb light coming from any direction over a large area, and the emitted light travels inside the optical fiber, which funnels the light to a small, very fast photodetector."
The experiment offered data rates of more than 2 gigabits per second (Gbps), but Tiecke noted the new approach could theoretically allow free-space optical data rates of more than 10 Gbps if materials were developed that operate in the infrared part of the spectrum, which would be invisible to people.
The research team plans to move the technology out of the lab and into the real world through the development of a prototype that could eventually lead to a commercial product.
Tiecke expressed the team's desire to encourage other groups interested in developing materials that are tailored for communications applications, including the producers of luminescent concentrators, currently used for solar light harvesting.
"A large fraction of people don't connect to the internet because the wireless communications infrastructure is not available were they live, mostly in very rural areas of the world," Tiecke said. "We are developing communication technologies that are optimized for areas where people live far apart from each other."
Despite advances in expanding global internet connectivity, the number of people who are not connected to the internet still far outweighs the number of those who are, according to a Facebook report<http://www.informationweek.com/it-life/facebook-finds-32-billion-people-had-internet-access-in-2015/d/d-id/1324412> released in February.
While the number of people connected to the internet rose 6.7% to 3.2 billion worldwide in 2015, the majority of people across the globe are still not connected.
Hoping to fix this, Facebook<http://www.informationweek.com/mobile/zuckerberg-hits-mwc-to-talk-drones-ai-vr/d/d-id/1324403> is currently engaged in developing a number of solutions aimed at bringing the web to far-flung corners of the earth.
The company plans to widen the reach of the internet thanks to a pair of new WiFi initiatives under development -- Project ARIES and Terragraph<http://www.informationweek.com/mobile/facebooks-project-aries-terragraph-expanding-internet-through-wifi-/d/d-id/1325126> -- that look to increase Internet access in hard-to-cover areas.
Terragraph is a 60GHz multi-node wireless system focused on bringing high-speed Internet connectivity to dense urban areas, while ARIES is a proof-of-concept effort to build a test platform for more efficient usage of spectrum and energy.
http://www.informationweek.com/it-life/facebook-tests-high-speed-laser-internet-access/d/d-id/1326327
SLT to become a global point of presence (PoP) - TheIsland
WhatsApp, Focusing on Product & Services, Not Technology - HBR research
WhatsApp Grew to One Billion Users by Focusing on Product, Not TechnologyAt a time when digital technology is transforming one industry after another, large companies tend to view innovation and disruption as the result of breakthrough discoveries or technological wonders. They look at the explosive growth of companies such as WhatsApp or Instagram and assume that true innovation is the realm of digital wonks and ambitious entrepreneurs. The corollary, of course, is "we don't know how to do that."
But when Mubarik Imam, head of growth and partnerships for WhatsApp, told the company's extraordinary story to a group of high-level executives and technology experts at a conference in Palo Alto last year, the narrative was conspicuously free of digital breakthroughs or "aha!" moments. For those who hoped to hear the secret of how digital wizardry turned two disgruntled Yahoo veterans into overnight billionaires<http://www.cbsnews.com/news/meet-silicon-valleys-newest-billionaires-the-yahoo-alums-who-co-founded-whatsapp/>, the real story was an eye-opener. Transforming a relatively simple idea into a $19 billion windfall, it turns out, was more about solving problems with the tools at hand than inventing new solutions from scratch.
For more insights - read online - https://hbr.org/2016/07/whatsapp-grew-to-one-billion-users-by-focusing-on-product-not-technology?
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Google's 'Faster' undersea internet cable goes live
Global industry
The undersea cable cost $300 million to create and has been in the works since 2014
Internet users in Japan are about to get a speed boost. Google's 9,000km undersea internet cable from the United States to the country has been 'switched on'.
The 60 terabits per second capacity "Faster" cable, first announced in 2014, has been completed and "officially entered into service".
Urs Hölzle, Google's senior vice president of technical infrastructure, said the cable's capacity is "more than any active subsea cable" and is "10 million times faster than your cable modem".
Costing $300 million (£222m), the cable was created after a partnership between six different companies.
As well as Google, China Mobile International, China Telecom Global, Global Transit, KDDI, SingTel, were all involved in the cable's creation and laying. The NEC Corporation supplied the systems behind the cable.
It features a "6-fibre-pair cable and optical transmission technologies" and is based at two locations in Japan – Shima and Chikura – with connections in the US extending the system to hubs on the West Coast of the US.
"This cable is the first of its kind, with multiple colours (100) of light transmitted over various frequencies," Hölzle said in a Google Plus post
"Every ~60km a repeater re-energizes the light as it travels over 9,000km across the ocean floor".
What are undersea cables?
Google's 'Faster' cable is one of a number of undersea cables that connect the world and form a backbone for the internet. The first cable laid across the Atlantic, which was used for telegram communications, was put in place back in 1906.
A global map – in a similar style to London's Tube map – from TeleGeography shows all the undersea cables currently in operation across the world. The majority of all the cables run around individual countries and continents but there are cables that cover longer distances such as across the Atlantic ocean.
The SEA-ME-WE 3 cable that connects Europe to Australia and Asia is the longest cable in the world. The cable has 39 landing points and is 39,000km in length.
In May, Facebook and Microsoft announced they would be building a new underwater cable across the Atlantic. The Marea cable will offer speeds of 160 terabytes per second and is due to be constructed in 2016.
Marea will feature eight fibre pairs, offer speeds of up to 160 terabytes per seconds and will be the first to connect the US to southern Europe - from Virginia to Bilbao.
The cables don't always work as planned though. Currents running through oceans can damage the cables as well as fishing trawlers and anchors being dragged along the sea bed, which is exactly what happened to one connecting Northern Ireland in 2015.
The undersea cable broke and it took a crew of 30 people and a giant robot two weeks to repair the cable.
Internet users in Japan are about to get a speed boost. Google's 9,000km undersea internet cable from the United States to the country has been 'switched on'.
The 60 terabits per second capacity "Faster" cable, first announced in 2014, has been completed and "officially entered into service".
Urs Hölzle, Google's senior vice president of technical infrastructure, said the cable's capacity is "more than any active subsea cable" and is "10 million times faster than your cable modem".
Costing $300 million (£222m), the cable was created after a partnership between six different companies.
As well as Google, China Mobile International, China Telecom Global, Global Transit, KDDI, SingTel, were all involved in the cable's creation and laying. The NEC Corporation supplied the systems behind the cable.
It features a "6-fibre-pair cable and optical transmission technologies" and is based at two locations in Japan – Shima and Chikura – with connections in the US extending the system to hubs on the West Coast of the US.
"This cable is the first of its kind, with multiple colours (100) of light transmitted over various frequencies," Hölzle said in a Google Plus post
"Every ~60km a repeater re-energizes the light as it travels over 9,000km across the ocean floor".
What are undersea cables?
Google's 'Faster' cable is one of a number of undersea cables that connect the world and form a backbone for the internet. The first cable laid across the Atlantic, which was used for telegram communications, was put in place back in 1906.
A global map – in a similar style to London's Tube map – from TeleGeography shows all the undersea cables currently in operation across the world. The majority of all the cables run around individual countries and continents but there are cables that cover longer distances such as across the Atlantic ocean.
The SEA-ME-WE 3 cable that connects Europe to Australia and Asia is the longest cable in the world. The cable has 39 landing points and is 39,000km in length.
In May, Facebook and Microsoft announced they would be building a new underwater cable across the Atlantic. The Marea cable will offer speeds of 160 terabytes per second and is due to be constructed in 2016.
Marea will feature eight fibre pairs, offer speeds of up to 160 terabytes per seconds and will be the first to connect the US to southern Europe - from Virginia to Bilbao.
The cables don't always work as planned though. Currents running through oceans can damage the cables as well as fishing trawlers and anchors being dragged along the sea bed, which is exactly what happened to one connecting Northern Ireland in 2015.
The undersea cable broke and it took a crew of 30 people and a giant robot two weeks to repair the cable.
Source - for online reading
Sri Lanka Telecom SE-ME-WE connectivity up to 2016
Adding Sri Lanka to the world's POP network includes Singapore, Europe and USA.
- Strengthening the country's status as the most preferred IT-BPO/Data Center destination
1994 - Sri Lanka connected with SEA-ME-WE II digital fibre optic submarine cable.
1999 - Sri Lanka connected with SEA-ME-WE III digital fibre optic submarine cable.
2006 - SLT officially inaugurated local operations of landmark SEA-ME-WE 4 submarine cable system.
2006 - SLT and BSNL launched Bharat-Lanka Submarine Cable System between India and Sri Lanka.
2006 - SLT inaugurates Dhiraagu-SLT submarine cable system between Maldives and Sri Lanka.
2014 - SLT partners 15 global telcos to connect continents via SEA-ME-WE 5 cable system.
2014 - SEA-ME-WE 4 cable system upgraded with 100G technology.
2016 - SEA-ME-WE 5 cable landing station commissioned in Matara, South Sri Lanka.
2016 - Sri Lanka to be connected to SEA-ME-WE 5 digital fibre optic submarine cable system with first light-up using 100G technology with 48 Tbps bandwidth capacity.
2016 - Sri Lanka's international backhauling network connecting main three cable stations to Welikada international hub to be completed.
- Strengthening the country's status as the most preferred IT-BPO/Data Center destination
Sri Lanka's National ICT solutions provider, Sri Lanka Telecom PLC (SLT) is building international connectivity as a key aspect of its overall business strategy. SLT's global coverage was significantly strengthened via multiple undersea optical fibre cable systems: SEA-ME-WE 5, SEA-ME-WE 4, SEA-ME-WE 3, Bharat-Lanka and Dhiraagu-SLT. Sri Lanka's geographical location makes it a natural nexus for communications in the Indian Ocean basin and helps ensure that the country plays a key role in the process of unfolding new technologies across the region as reaching the status of digital hub of the region.
With the historically successful experience of implementing four submarine cable systems in the past, the SEA-ME-WE 5 submarine cable system is going to be the 5th milestone of the SEA-ME-WE family. SEA ME WE 5 has received strong commitment and support from the associated parties which in turn would help to complete the project successfully.
SEA-ME-WE 5 submarine cable system is a matchless, PoP to PoP, multi-regional data superhighway that brings economies of scale in digital transformation. SEA-ME-WE 5 connects to multiple PoPs and the system will also secure outstanding economical cross connection possibilities with other submarine cables in France, Italy, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Singapore and Sri Lanka.
SLT constructed the SMW5 landing station in South Asia in Matara to facilitate both east and west cables to land in Matara SMW5 cable station to enable the truly largest 48 Tbps global bandwidth capacity to Sri Lanka with redundancy to connectivity and backup capability. The cable landing in to Sri Lanka was made possible through the creation of SLT's SMW5 cable landing station at Matara, Southern Sri Lanka, where the company was tasked with ensuring that the system is able to deliver seamless connectivity across Western Europe, Middle East and South East Asia while offering operators an alternative access point to other submarine cable systems running via Sri Lanka.
This new system brings the truly 48 Tbps Gigantic Global Bandwidth to the country and enhances the reliability of Sri Lanka's global connectivity to east and west by SLT investing over Rs. 5.2 billion (~USD 40 million - Total investment for the project USD 700 million) at the initial stage which is also upgradable to serve future demands. This state-of-the-art longest submarine cable spanning 20,000km has a unique lowest latency which is unmatched by any submarine cable system on the planet. When fully loaded, the SEA-ME-WE 5 cable system would be able to carry 24,000 Giga bits per second (24 Tbps); the equivalent of transmitting around 4800 high-definition movies every second from Singapore to France.
The core system of the SEA-ME-WE 5 is designed to span from Singapore to France & Italy through Sri Lanka in the most optimized route with enabling other parties connecting into the core system through their branch connectivity. Sri Lanka is in a unique position to have full landing cables from both east and west sides of the cable and a modern SMW5 cable station in Matara. Further, the envisaged full landing station on Sri Lankan soil will pave the way for the establishment of a global point of presence (PoP) in Sri Lanka in the near future. Other significant investments include the setting up of SLT's PoP in Singapore for improved reliability and the on-going expansion of SLT's 100 Gbps national backbone network. The system terminates at POPs in Singapore, Italy, France and USA in future for cross connecting with other cable systems, interconnecting with other carriers and acquiring services in a competitive environment.
SLT's Global connectivity roadmap
1993 - Sri Lanka connected with SEA-ME-WE I analogue submarine cable.1994 - Sri Lanka connected with SEA-ME-WE II digital fibre optic submarine cable.
1999 - Sri Lanka connected with SEA-ME-WE III digital fibre optic submarine cable.
2006 - SLT officially inaugurated local operations of landmark SEA-ME-WE 4 submarine cable system.
2006 - SLT and BSNL launched Bharat-Lanka Submarine Cable System between India and Sri Lanka.
2006 - SLT inaugurates Dhiraagu-SLT submarine cable system between Maldives and Sri Lanka.
2014 - SLT partners 15 global telcos to connect continents via SEA-ME-WE 5 cable system.
2014 - SEA-ME-WE 4 cable system upgraded with 100G technology.
2016 - SEA-ME-WE 5 cable landing station commissioned in Matara, South Sri Lanka.
2016 - Sri Lanka to be connected to SEA-ME-WE 5 digital fibre optic submarine cable system with first light-up using 100G technology with 48 Tbps bandwidth capacity.
2016 - Sri Lanka's international backhauling network connecting main three cable stations to Welikada international hub to be completed.
MSAN
A multi-service access node (MSAN), also known as a multi-service access gateway (MSAG)
is a device typically installed in a telephone exchange (although sometimes in a roadside serving area interface cabinet) which connects customers' telephone lines to the core network, to provide telephone, ISDN, and broadband such as DSL all from a single platform.
is a device typically installed in a telephone exchange (although sometimes in a roadside serving area interface cabinet) which connects customers' telephone lines to the core network, to provide telephone, ISDN, and broadband such as DSL all from a single platform.
Prior to the deployment of MSANs, telecom providers typically had a multitude of separate equipment including DSLAMs to provide the various types of services to customers. Integrating all services on a single node, which typically backhauls all data streams over IP or Asynchronous Transfer Mode can be more cost effective and may provide new services to customers quicker than previously possible.
A typical outdoor MSAN cabinet consists of narrowband (POTS), broadband (xDSL) services, batteries with rectifiers, optical transmission unit and copper distribution frame.